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	<title>Comments on: Walking in the Soles of the Oppressed</title>
	<link>http://www.deafdc.com/blog/vikki-washington/2007-12-28/walking-in-the-soles-of-the-oppressed/</link>
	<description></description>
	<pubDate>Fri, 21 Nov 2008 14:04:41 +0000</pubDate>
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		<title>By: Curious Eyes</title>
		<link>http://www.deafdc.com/blog/vikki-washington/2007-12-28/walking-in-the-soles-of-the-oppressed/#comment-93735</link>
		<dc:creator>Curious Eyes</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 04 Jan 2008 22:38:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.deafdc.com/blog/vikki-washington/2007-12-28/walking-in-the-soles-of-the-oppressed/#comment-93735</guid>
		<description>Vikki, among black test takers, higher scores on the SAT (Scholastic Achievement Test) are associated with a combination of three factors:  economic privilege (household income), high grades in AP/honors classes, and greater parent education levels.  

Even if none of that applies, any high school student can prepare for the SAT by taking prep courses and purchasing books that contain test taking strategies and practice tests, and then taking the actual test multiple times.  (You don't have to report scores to the college of your choice the first time you take it, and can select which test results to send to the college.)  If one is not naturally a good test taker, the practice alone should increase scores.  I believe college admissions officers are required to consider other factors besides SAT scores, such as course grades, personal essay, and teacher recommendations.  

The SAT is supposed to be simply a predictor of likely college success.  It provides "some" information about that likelihood, but are not 100% perfectly correlated.  The SAT or ACT is only one hurdle.  Other obstacles would include the sheer quantity of red tape and bureaucracy involved in simply being a college student.  A hundred and one daily decisions are involved in making the best choices as to courses, time management, and study habits, and that's aside from navigating the muddy waters of cross-cultural competence in negotiating with predominantly white professors and university staff.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Vikki, among black test takers, higher scores on the SAT (Scholastic Achievement Test) are associated with a combination of three factors:  economic privilege (household income), high grades in AP/honors classes, and greater parent education levels.  </p>
<p>Even if none of that applies, any high school student can prepare for the SAT by taking prep courses and purchasing books that contain test taking strategies and practice tests, and then taking the actual test multiple times.  (You don&#8217;t have to report scores to the college of your choice the first time you take it, and can select which test results to send to the college.)  If one is not naturally a good test taker, the practice alone should increase scores.  I believe college admissions officers are required to consider other factors besides SAT scores, such as course grades, personal essay, and teacher recommendations.  </p>
<p>The SAT is supposed to be simply a predictor of likely college success.  It provides &#8220;some&#8221; information about that likelihood, but are not 100% perfectly correlated.  The SAT or ACT is only one hurdle.  Other obstacles would include the sheer quantity of red tape and bureaucracy involved in simply being a college student.  A hundred and one daily decisions are involved in making the best choices as to courses, time management, and study habits, and that&#8217;s aside from navigating the muddy waters of cross-cultural competence in negotiating with predominantly white professors and university staff.</p>
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		<title>By: D. Nash</title>
		<link>http://www.deafdc.com/blog/vikki-washington/2007-12-28/walking-in-the-soles-of-the-oppressed/#comment-93734</link>
		<dc:creator>D. Nash</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 04 Jan 2008 20:45:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.deafdc.com/blog/vikki-washington/2007-12-28/walking-in-the-soles-of-the-oppressed/#comment-93734</guid>
		<description>Bold person! Commenting as "Anonyomous." I think you ment "Anonymous" but, hey. Looks like I would score 15 points more on the IQ test that you but I do agree with you on one thing. You're not responsible for the actions of my great-great-great-great grandparents but racist whites should be held reposible for their current actions. I would tell you to watch the news to see what's been going on with in this country especially during the past year but I see you're busy watching ESPN highlights and BET.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Bold person! Commenting as &#8220;Anonyomous.&#8221; I think you ment &#8220;Anonymous&#8221; but, hey. Looks like I would score 15 points more on the IQ test that you but I do agree with you on one thing. You&#8217;re not responsible for the actions of my great-great-great-great grandparents but racist whites should be held reposible for their current actions. I would tell you to watch the news to see what&#8217;s been going on with in this country especially during the past year but I see you&#8217;re busy watching ESPN highlights and BET.</p>
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		<title>By: Vikki</title>
		<link>http://www.deafdc.com/blog/vikki-washington/2007-12-28/walking-in-the-soles-of-the-oppressed/#comment-93733</link>
		<dc:creator>Vikki</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 04 Jan 2008 20:35:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.deafdc.com/blog/vikki-washington/2007-12-28/walking-in-the-soles-of-the-oppressed/#comment-93733</guid>
		<description>Yes, what you wrote about is an example of internalized racism, and I've been subjected to that more times than I care to count. I find it ironic that I'm accused of acting white for being reasonably smart and not hiding it, while on the other hand, I'm also subjected to another form of internalized racism: my skin not light enough to be considered white. 

Go figure.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Yes, what you wrote about is an example of internalized racism, and I&#8217;ve been subjected to that more times than I care to count. I find it ironic that I&#8217;m accused of acting white for being reasonably smart and not hiding it, while on the other hand, I&#8217;m also subjected to another form of internalized racism: my skin not light enough to be considered white. </p>
<p>Go figure.</p>
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		<title>By: Vikki</title>
		<link>http://www.deafdc.com/blog/vikki-washington/2007-12-28/walking-in-the-soles-of-the-oppressed/#comment-93732</link>
		<dc:creator>Vikki</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 04 Jan 2008 20:27:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.deafdc.com/blog/vikki-washington/2007-12-28/walking-in-the-soles-of-the-oppressed/#comment-93732</guid>
		<description>Hi, Curious Eyes!

Nope, I am not bored at all with your comments. Keep them comin'! As for the B.I.T.C.H. test, yep, I've heard of it. Made perfect sense anyway since testing was a bitch for most people! 

At my high school, I scored fairly high on the S.A.T.s (considering that I didn't really study), and some teachers were wondering why some of my black counterparts didn't fare so well. I told them that's partly because I had a couple toes in the "white" world, so I understood the subtle nuances of the test. That statement blew them out of the water, and they treaded water by denying the cold, wet reality of it all. A few years later, that's when the uproar about these tests really reared its head above water.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hi, Curious Eyes!</p>
<p>Nope, I am not bored at all with your comments. Keep them comin&#8217;! As for the B.I.T.C.H. test, yep, I&#8217;ve heard of it. Made perfect sense anyway since testing was a bitch for most people! </p>
<p>At my high school, I scored fairly high on the S.A.T.s (considering that I didn&#8217;t really study), and some teachers were wondering why some of my black counterparts didn&#8217;t fare so well. I told them that&#8217;s partly because I had a couple toes in the &#8220;white&#8221; world, so I understood the subtle nuances of the test. That statement blew them out of the water, and they treaded water by denying the cold, wet reality of it all. A few years later, that&#8217;s when the uproar about these tests really reared its head above water.</p>
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		<title>By: Partner in Crime</title>
		<link>http://www.deafdc.com/blog/vikki-washington/2007-12-28/walking-in-the-soles-of-the-oppressed/#comment-93731</link>
		<dc:creator>Partner in Crime</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 04 Jan 2008 20:19:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.deafdc.com/blog/vikki-washington/2007-12-28/walking-in-the-soles-of-the-oppressed/#comment-93731</guid>
		<description>Actually, Vikki, you were right... the comic strip did say "force them and their descendants into slave labor for about 100 years." Then it goes on to say another 100 years of discrimination etc.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Actually, Vikki, you were right&#8230; the comic strip did say &#8220;force them and their descendants into slave labor for about 100 years.&#8221; Then it goes on to say another 100 years of discrimination etc.</p>
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		<title>By: Curious Eyes</title>
		<link>http://www.deafdc.com/blog/vikki-washington/2007-12-28/walking-in-the-soles-of-the-oppressed/#comment-93730</link>
		<dc:creator>Curious Eyes</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 04 Jan 2008 19:33:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.deafdc.com/blog/vikki-washington/2007-12-28/walking-in-the-soles-of-the-oppressed/#comment-93730</guid>
		<description>hi again, hope I'm not hijacking your blog with endless rants on the topic.  I'm on a roll here, since this is right up my alley, so to speak.  Did you know that in the 70s, there was an IQ test designed by black psychologist from the cultural perspective of African-Americans?  It's called the B.I.T.C.H.  No, I'm not making it up.  It stands for Black Intelligence Test of Cultural Homogeneity.  OK, it was entirely satirical in intent and never meant to be a bona fide IQ test by its creator, Robert L. Williams, Jr.  You can see the items here:

http://susanohanian.org/show_commentary.php?id=170

here's another one:

http://wilderdom.com/personality/intelligenceChitlingTestShort.html

Joking aside, there are thousands of ability tests on the market today, and one of the hot issues in psychological assessment nowadays is to design, administer, and interpret ability tests in a manner that is culturally appropriate, meaningful, and fair to diverse populations.  To achieve this aim, the American Educational Research Association (AERA), the American Psychological Association (APA), and the National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME) have established standards of validity, fairness, and uses of tests, especially for testing individuals with disabilities and different language or cultural backgrounds.  

Newer tests are required to draw normative information from a sample that is geographically and ethnically representative of the U.S. population, as well as stratified by age, gender, socio-economic status, and other factors.  A well-designed test should demonstrate NO significant differences between groups.  If it does, then you should not use that test with that population.  All this information is published in the test manual, and consumers have a right to request it.  

More to come... if y'all are thoroughly bored by now, just tell me to shut it!  ;)</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>hi again, hope I&#8217;m not hijacking your blog with endless rants on the topic.  I&#8217;m on a roll here, since this is right up my alley, so to speak.  Did you know that in the 70s, there was an IQ test designed by black psychologist from the cultural perspective of African-Americans?  It&#8217;s called the B.I.T.C.H.  No, I&#8217;m not making it up.  It stands for Black Intelligence Test of Cultural Homogeneity.  OK, it was entirely satirical in intent and never meant to be a bona fide IQ test by its creator, Robert L. Williams, Jr.  You can see the items here:</p>
<p><a href="http://susanohanian.org/show_commentary.php?id=170" rel="nofollow">http://susanohanian.org/show_commentary.php?id=170</a></p>
<p>here&#8217;s another one:</p>
<p><a href="http://wilderdom.com/personality/intelligenceChitlingTestShort.html" rel="nofollow">http://wilderdom.com/personali.....Short.html</a></p>
<p>Joking aside, there are thousands of ability tests on the market today, and one of the hot issues in psychological assessment nowadays is to design, administer, and interpret ability tests in a manner that is culturally appropriate, meaningful, and fair to diverse populations.  To achieve this aim, the American Educational Research Association (AERA), the American Psychological Association (APA), and the National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME) have established standards of validity, fairness, and uses of tests, especially for testing individuals with disabilities and different language or cultural backgrounds.  </p>
<p>Newer tests are required to draw normative information from a sample that is geographically and ethnically representative of the U.S. population, as well as stratified by age, gender, socio-economic status, and other factors.  A well-designed test should demonstrate NO significant differences between groups.  If it does, then you should not use that test with that population.  All this information is published in the test manual, and consumers have a right to request it.  </p>
<p>More to come&#8230; if y&#8217;all are thoroughly bored by now, just tell me to shut it!  ;)</p>
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		<title>By: Curious Eyes</title>
		<link>http://www.deafdc.com/blog/vikki-washington/2007-12-28/walking-in-the-soles-of-the-oppressed/#comment-93729</link>
		<dc:creator>Curious Eyes</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 04 Jan 2008 19:02:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.deafdc.com/blog/vikki-washington/2007-12-28/walking-in-the-soles-of-the-oppressed/#comment-93729</guid>
		<description>Hi Vikki, great post.  I can really relate to it from my perspective as a school psychologist, and one in California, where the use of IQ tests with black children and youth is banned.  Readers not in California may appreciate knowing that in 1979, a judge in San Francisco ruled that these tests are biased and resulted in the over-representation of black children in special education programs, specifically classes for the mentally retarded.  The ruling (known as Larry P. vs Wilson Riles) has been challenged in court a few times, but is still the prevailing law today.  Some CA school districts still continue giving "alternate" assessments, though.  They get around this by saying if the IQ test does not have "intelligence" in its title, but rather calls itself an ability test or cognitive test or whatever, it's OK to use.  But you know that it's still an IQ test if you look in the technical chapters of the test manual and see if it compares itself to other IQ tests that do have "intelligence" in the title.  The state of California, and state schools for the deaf in California, interpret the law strictly and do not give these tests to black deaf school children and youth.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hi Vikki, great post.  I can really relate to it from my perspective as a school psychologist, and one in California, where the use of IQ tests with black children and youth is banned.  Readers not in California may appreciate knowing that in 1979, a judge in San Francisco ruled that these tests are biased and resulted in the over-representation of black children in special education programs, specifically classes for the mentally retarded.  The ruling (known as Larry P. vs Wilson Riles) has been challenged in court a few times, but is still the prevailing law today.  Some CA school districts still continue giving &#8220;alternate&#8221; assessments, though.  They get around this by saying if the IQ test does not have &#8220;intelligence&#8221; in its title, but rather calls itself an ability test or cognitive test or whatever, it&#8217;s OK to use.  But you know that it&#8217;s still an IQ test if you look in the technical chapters of the test manual and see if it compares itself to other IQ tests that do have &#8220;intelligence&#8221; in the title.  The state of California, and state schools for the deaf in California, interpret the law strictly and do not give these tests to black deaf school children and youth.</p>
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		<title>By: Curious Eyes</title>
		<link>http://www.deafdc.com/blog/vikki-washington/2007-12-28/walking-in-the-soles-of-the-oppressed/#comment-93728</link>
		<dc:creator>Curious Eyes</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 04 Jan 2008 18:53:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.deafdc.com/blog/vikki-washington/2007-12-28/walking-in-the-soles-of-the-oppressed/#comment-93728</guid>
		<description>Brent, this is a theory I've heard that makes the most sense to me, but I don't know if it's accurate.  I would say that the educational system in most areas is run by a white majority, especially at the administrative levels.  Historically, education systems have been a mechanism of oppression for black people, in terms of distribution of resources, lower expectations, inferior teaching, etc.  So when a black person disparage other black people for being successful in a white-dominated education system, it functions as a defense, to shield one from the emotional pain of being disenfranchised from education.  It's really not a positive coping mechanism, and that's the part I have trouble understanding myself.  

Vikki, would it be fair to say that when black person puts down another black people for "acting white"  (i.e., being good in school), that's an example of internalized racism?  If so, what can he or she do to overcome it?  Does the person have any incentive to change his/her beliefs, especially if they are supported by one's community?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Brent, this is a theory I&#8217;ve heard that makes the most sense to me, but I don&#8217;t know if it&#8217;s accurate.  I would say that the educational system in most areas is run by a white majority, especially at the administrative levels.  Historically, education systems have been a mechanism of oppression for black people, in terms of distribution of resources, lower expectations, inferior teaching, etc.  So when a black person disparage other black people for being successful in a white-dominated education system, it functions as a defense, to shield one from the emotional pain of being disenfranchised from education.  It&#8217;s really not a positive coping mechanism, and that&#8217;s the part I have trouble understanding myself.  </p>
<p>Vikki, would it be fair to say that when black person puts down another black people for &#8220;acting white&#8221;  (i.e., being good in school), that&#8217;s an example of internalized racism?  If so, what can he or she do to overcome it?  Does the person have any incentive to change his/her beliefs, especially if they are supported by one&#8217;s community?</p>
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		<title>By: Jt</title>
		<link>http://www.deafdc.com/blog/vikki-washington/2007-12-28/walking-in-the-soles-of-the-oppressed/#comment-93718</link>
		<dc:creator>Jt</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 03 Jan 2008 23:28:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.deafdc.com/blog/vikki-washington/2007-12-28/walking-in-the-soles-of-the-oppressed/#comment-93718</guid>
		<description>You know, one of the things that really impressed me (as I read about emancipation) was how blacks were able to achieve a remarkable level of literacy - even though they all spoke different languages (coming from different regions) and were subjected to all sorts of unimaginable hardships.  It took them only a few decades while it took whites much longer to achieve similar percentage jumps.  So, I think that's quite telling.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>You know, one of the things that really impressed me (as I read about emancipation) was how blacks were able to achieve a remarkable level of literacy - even though they all spoke different languages (coming from different regions) and were subjected to all sorts of unimaginable hardships.  It took them only a few decades while it took whites much longer to achieve similar percentage jumps.  So, I think that&#8217;s quite telling.</p>
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		<title>By: Brent Stevens</title>
		<link>http://www.deafdc.com/blog/vikki-washington/2007-12-28/walking-in-the-soles-of-the-oppressed/#comment-93709</link>
		<dc:creator>Brent Stevens</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 02 Jan 2008 22:04:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.deafdc.com/blog/vikki-washington/2007-12-28/walking-in-the-soles-of-the-oppressed/#comment-93709</guid>
		<description>Blacks who do well in schools these days are called "whiteys", "beatches", and other names. I dont know how to disect this one, and where did their disdain for education derive from?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Blacks who do well in schools these days are called &#8220;whiteys&#8221;, &#8220;beatches&#8221;, and other names. I dont know how to disect this one, and where did their disdain for education derive from?</p>
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