I have been back to the States for a week now. Israel, a 13-day adventure, morphed into a steady line of mental snapshots hanging on a clothesline. Barely a dent in my lifetime and yet, I returned 10,000 times richer in appreciation of my border-free freedom and wide gateway of accessibility.
It has been ten years since I have been to Israel—in 1998, I spent half a year interning at The Institute for the Advancement of Deaf Persons in Israel, also known as Machon. Here’s my self-perceived timeline what has changed in the span of a decade. Pretty incredible, I must say.
Machon:
1998: Staff of nine people. One late-deafened person was employed and was Israel’s first “deaf” social worker. During the time I was a social work intern there, there were many Deaf people involved in a variety of projects but they were not staffed. Only three staff members were fluent in Israeli Sign Language (ISL). I remember enunciating Hebrew words to earn respect from non-ISL users. MA means what. LAMA means why. It’s quite easy to pronounce, actually. Just practice your AHHHH sounds and you get respect, just like that. One of the three ISL users is a CODA. She was my translator for speaking engagements with educators and government officials explaining about programs for the deaf in the States. She founded Israel’s first informal interpreting training program (ITP) at the time I was there. Very few of the clients that used Machon’s services were university or college students. Back then, limited accessibility hindered Deaf Israelis’ attempts to enter higher education. It was also the same time that Gallaudet had an influx of Deaf Israelis studying so they could get a college degree.
2008: Staff of 18 people. Their new, bigger office is on a school property. Half of the staff is deaf. Three of them are social workers, one is a web editor, and the others are instructors and mentors. It is still a speaking environment with a mix of spoken Hebrew and ISL users. Those who are not ISL users are either taking ISL lessons or have expressed desire to learn. The executive director of Machon is my old friend, the CODA translator. She continued with the interpreting training program on the side and this program is now becoming the country’s first fully accredited ITP. She is grooming one Deaf person to be the next director of Machon. For the first time, two Deaf members joined Machon’s board. One of the two is a dear friend of mine who published Israel’s first sign language dictionary in 1992 which was a huge thing at the time. Over time, her advocacy and forward thinking has made Machon what it is today, a stronger and more viable center for advancing the lives of deaf Israelis. Over 330 deaf Israelis are now enrolled in colleges and universities. Future deaf lawyers, doctors, social workers, and writers are being educated. Hebrew is their mother language—to try to study in English is to deny the language they’re already excelled in. While many Israeli citizens (educated hearing and deaf) are naturally bilingual, with intermediate to advance level understanding of English, Hebrew is still the language of the land and of education. American colleges and universities no longer hold high interest for Israelis, deaf and hearing alike.
Interpreters:
1998: No certified interpreters. Most of the working interpreters were CODAs or rare cases of hearing individuals who discovered the wonders of ISL by accident. For any lecture or class, there’d be only one interpreter. As I mentioned earlier, the ITP was still in infancy. Organizations or students had to pay out of their own pockets to cover interpreting costs, if there were such a thing. And often, deaf students worked through college without interpreters, resorting to the band-aid of understanding classmates, carbon-copy notetakers, and front row seats.
2008: The ITP has ballooned into a recognized academic and professional program with promising employment opportunities nationwide. A certifying board is being created. There is a larger pool of interpreters which go beyond the CODA realm. Because there are no interpreting service agencies (blooming entrepreneurs, take note of this!), college deaf students are still responsible for finding their own interpreters. Fortunately, the Israeli government offers limited financial support to cover these expenses. This explains the rise in admitting more deaf students into higher education institutions.
Deaf Culture:
1998: Wide array of shows and events by Deaf clubs and organizations.
2008: A brand new theater/restaurant/café has opened where Deaf-Blind actors perform a series of plays throughout the year, deaf servers wait on their customers, and the restaurant hosts “dining in the dark” experiences with blind waiters. It’s a classy place in bustling Yaffo, the old part of Tel Aviv. The neighborhood provides an artsy and hip vibe for people with different abilities. Young generation of Deaf Israelis participate in Deaf-related sports and events. A Deaf museum in a suburb south of Tel Aviv recently opened, for hearing people to experience for a moment what it is like to be deaf. Hearing people have the opportunity to walk down a path of sensory reversal.
Deaf Clubs:
1998: My first exposure to Israeli Deaf culture was at the Helen Keller Deaf Club (HKDC) in Tel Aviv, perhaps the largest club in Israel. There, I witnessed many Deaf shows, storytelling sessions, and social gatherings. I also met regularly with the late president, Chaim Apter, who was a prominent figure in both the World Organization of Jewish Deaf and the Israeli Deaf community. HKDC also has the world’s only memorial site listing all the names of Deaf Holocaust victims. There were also clubs in Jerusalem, Be’er-Sheva, Haifa, and a few other cities. Deaf clubs were a significant part of my six-month experience—they were environments in where ISL flourished and advocacy in Jewish Deaf causes was loud and proud.
2008: Number of attendances to the deaf clubs has declined tremendously due to technology and changes in social habits. Younger generations now resort to MSN and the Internet to stay in touch. This is strikingly similar to the drop in attendance at Deaf clubs in America.
Communication/Technology:
1998: Fax was the only way to communicate across distances. No one had TTYs. Computers were still too expensive at the time for many Israelis to own.
2008: Almost all Deaf Israelis I knew ten years ago now own computers, cell phones, and fax machines. Cell phones are equipped with videoconferencing capabilities which allow Deaf Israelis make videophone calls wherever they are. It was an odd sight to see someone signing to a cell phone, akin to a hearing person talking into thin air with a Bluetooth hand-free device. MSN is a secondary religion. It is used with great fervor and devotion that’d make our yellow-figure friend pale. There is a lot of use of ooVoo (www.oovoo.com, but it is not yet Mac-compatible) or Skype technology to stay in touch with their friends around the world. SMS or text messaging remains a viable part of communication for deaf and hearing Israelis alike. This technology levels the playing field for everyone.
Employment:
1998: Simply put, the job prospects for Deaf Israelis at this time weren’t very promising. Many with strong abilities and leadership skills often stayed within the Deaf education field such as teaching or with Deaf organizations. Other Deaf Israelis entered menial types of employment such as post office work, janitor-like duties, and so on.
2008: More diverse employment opportunities. There are more deaf social workers, researchers, writers, artists, activists and business people. However, I cannot say if there are any deaf Israeli lawyers, doctors, or scientists yet. The promising increase of deaf Israelis in colleges and universities hopefully will bear highly qualified Deaf professionals in due time.
Deafhood:
1998: Being Israeli Deaf came with its pride and heritage. A.B. Yehoshua, an Israeli author, once said, “It is impossible to be fully Jewish outside the land of Israel.” I can say it is the same for Deaf Israelis. Their pride in being Jewish and being part of Israel landscape resonated powerfully. On the other hand, Deaf families were viewed with sorrow and regret as if they were afflicted with a never-ending series of genetic screw-ups. This was quite a shock for me, coming from a country where fifth-generation Deaf families are like a mystic and envious world to me.
2008: Very similar as it was ten years ago. However, the perception of self-identity has changed. There is pride in being Deaf and being part of the Israeli Deaf resurgence. I met a brilliant gentleman who works as a web editor for Machon and is a columnist and writer for several Israeli newspapers. Also an avid deep sea diver, he once told me, “I received a scholarship from the University of Chicago for advanced studies in mass communications.” I replied, “Oh wow, that’s a highly coveted university…many people would die to get in.” His response? “Where can I go diving in Illinois?” He also added, “And I want to stay in Israel and be part of the advancement of Deaf Israelis.” While my jaw hung open, I understood. After all, he is a proud Zionist (and a fifth generation Israeli which is also a mystic and envious world to me) and a proud deaf individual participating in Deaf Israel’s future.
Ten years later, Israel has made amazing progress. Israel is at the point where differences between Israel and America are disappearing and similarities multiplying. Even so, I’ll be honest here. I am so thankful we have the Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf (RID), interpreting agencies to coordinate requests, universities that arrange interpreters and support services for students, a Federal government that hires people with disabilities, non-profit organizations with Deaf executive directors, boards with Deaf chairs, universities which employ Deaf academics, companies and firms with Deaf CEOs, a health-care industry with its pool of Deaf doctors and dentists, and law firms and legal agencies with Deaf lawyers and advocates. The list is endless and I am proud to say so because we fought hard to be where we are today. I see the same fighting spirit among Deaf Israelis and hearing allies.
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