I attended one of the preview sessions for “Through Deaf Eyes,” which meant that I, along with a number of other people nationwide, saw about half of the entire program before it was broadcast nationally yesterday. Afterwards, I saw someone use the phrase, “Through Hearing Eyes” to describe the film.

Now that I’ve watched the program in its entirety, I’m not sure it should be called “Through Deaf Eyes” or “Through Hearing Eyes;” perhaps “Through Deaf Filmmakers’ Eyes”? “Through Deaf Educators’ Eyes”? “Through Critical Deaf Bloggers/Vloggers’ Eyes”? Given the rapidity of vlogs/blogs/commenters in the blogosphere, this last one is probably true, today and in the next few days.

But I digress.

Overall, I thought it was an enjoyable film, although flawed. I won’t do a blow-by-blow account (although given the notes I took during the show, I probably could give a fairly verbatim outline of the program!); for one thing, most of you who are reading this either have seen it, or will see it, or are in it (extra points to whoever spots ME in there!), or want to be in it, or might be in the sequel (after all, at the very end, just as the credits started, a message flashed on the screen that was comprehended only by those who have taperecorders masquerading as eyes, to the effect that the program didn’t cover the recent protests of 2006. The film was most likely already in post-production by the time any rumblings emerged that all might not be serene at 800 Florida Avenue NE. So look down the road a few years from now for “Through Protester’s Eyes: The Sequel”).

How “Through Deaf Eyes” is interpreted will depend largely on the individual audience; for most of us here at DeafDC, we are deaf, and whether we are culturally deaf or not, the program didn’t really impart anything new overall– most, if not all of us, have lived the experiences presented in the film. For our hearing friends, relatives, or anyone out there tuning in to some or all of the two-hour presentation probably learned something new about the deaf experience, even if it was just a glimpse.

In the end, that’s all this show was, really: a glimpse. The makers of this show had an unenviable task, to cram more than 200 years of historical, cultural, linguistic, medical, social, and psychological information into a relatively concise, informative, and most of all, entertaining package for consumption. This wasn’t a Ken Burns series, spread over several nights with major funding from the MacArthur Foundation, and shiny, glossy PR pieces in magazines, newspapers and on television programs for months beforehand– this was a show that was largely marketed to and heavily advertised within the deaf community itself. Thus it’s my feeling that most likely a good number of us walked away with a sense of, “Ok, that was great… but…”

It’s that “but” that I think will cause the most buzz so far. I’m already seeing it happen on a couple of blogs, where the reaction ranges from “what a nice show, they did a great job!” to “too much emphasis on non-culturally deaf people! Clarke School, blah blah blah, cochlear implants, blah blah blah…” But you know what? That’s part of the problem here. The program wasn’t long enough to do justice to any one segment of our community; it wasn’t long enough to fully explore the complexities of deaf history; and it certainly isn’t intended to satisfy everyone. I think quite a few people involved with the making of this program (and I sense quite a few people in the audience wanted it this way) tried to encompass every element of deafness and deaf history, and to have the film be everything to everyone. There was no one position staked out, there was no clarity when it came to educational viewpoints or communication methods. In one sense, this was a flaw; within such a limited time, editing, narrative, and continuity are all-important, and I felt the film didn’t live up to this goal. But on the other hand, the film did try to show the broad range of deaf experience, and I think it did, whether it was featuring David James, the deHahns, or the Garretsons. From the oral deaf to the signing deaf to the mainstreamed deaf, the program portrayed the community as a diverse one, which it is. I thought this was good, because it showed that deaf people, whether within the deaf community itself or within society at large, are normal, that they have a range of backgrounds, experiences, and perspectives.

Now that I’ve had some time to reflect, I’d say the major flaw of the film for me was the fact that the people chosen to speak were a mixture of academics, from Carolyn McCaskill to Ben Bahan to Brian Greenwald; a number of showbiz folks, from Marlee Matlin to CJ Jones to Bernard Bragg; and a representative sprinkling of past and present educators, from James Tucker to Robert Panara to Kevin Nolan. The rare exceptions to this were Robert Weitbrecht (a physicist) and John Taylor (an engineer). To the casual viewer, it would seem the deaf community is populated by academics, educators, and artistic types, from actors to filmmakers. Following this logic, every deaf person I meet from now on is going to be employed in academia, education or the entertainment industry. But of course, that’s not true. The one moment where we glimpse a number of deaf people not in highly educated or trained occupations is when the film takes us to a church for the deaf, and we are introduced to a couple parishioners.

There was also a heavy emphasis on short clips, outtakes, and films made by deaf filmmakers. I wasn’t sure at times if I was watching a program on deaf history and culture, or a film festival composed entirely of submissions from deaf directors and cinematographers. I suppose in the wake of last night’s showing, it’s probably a good time to be an owner of Mosdeux, or a similar film company. I think the producers of “Through Deaf Eyes’ should be commended for recognizing and showcasing deaf film, but I probably would have pared the number of offerings a bit, and showed one or two films, not four, five, or six.

While these and other shortcomings were present, I thought overall “Through Deaf Eyes” accomplished quite a bit. The one objective I thought succeeded for both deaf and hearing audiences alike was the demonstration, whether through the historical/cultural narratives of Douglas Baynton, John VanCleve, and John Schuchman, or the anecdotes of the Gannons and Garretsons, that you cannot separate deaf history from American history. The overarching themes of religion, nativism, civil rights, and education are all parts of the American story. I think too often people see American history and don’t know anything about Deaf history, or they know quite a bit about Deaf history, but fail to see the connections to the bigger picture. Whether it’s AG Bell and his involvement with education, eugenics, and the 19th century backlash against immigration (which probably will come as a big surprise for hearing viewers who only know Bell as the father of the telephone), or Lindbergh taking people on “deaf rides,” or the segregation and linguistic differences between blacks and whites (whether the language is English or ASL), Deaf history is American history, and vice versa.

The other interesting aspect of last night’s show was the fact that in the history of our community, we have always had to work harder to try to achieve parity with the hearing world. This determination for equal access has led, I think, to deafness actually at times drawing parallel to, or ahead of the curve, in the realm of technology. While we had to bear the injustices of the barrier created by telephones, the modification of the old Western Union teletypes and development of the TTY presaged (in my opinion) the cultural shift of the last ten years; once it was only deaf people typing to each other over distances and using abbreviated terms. Now it’s everyone using e-mail, IM, and texting. Closed-captions were developed as a means to provide access for deaf audiences, and where films are concerned, segregated deaf audiences within certain dates and times of the weeks, all for the opportunity to watch the latest blockbuster. But if you walk into the average bar nowadays, chances are at least one TV will have the captions on, and hearing people will use it, to be able to comprehend and follow the programs despite the noisy environment of their local watering hole. Even with videophones, hearing people are now using programs such as Skype; it won’t be long now, I think, before everyone’s using a videophone or its equivalent.
Whether we speak English, ASL, PSE, Spanish, French, Greek, Cantonese, Hmong, Swahili, Bantu, Quechua, or another language, in the end, it’s all about being a human being. Daniel Fava’s parents, as well as Patrick deHahn’s parents, acknowledge as much– regardless of technology, language, and other factors, Fava and deHahn will always be deaf, and that is who they are. To try to change that is to change them as people. What’s far more important is the sum of who they are, and their abilities, not whether they can hear or not. To me, that was the best message from “Through Deaf Eyes.”
As CJ Jones sums it up at the close of the program, it’s knowledge that counts, not whether you can hear or speak. His statement brought to my mind the well-known statement by Victor Hugo to Ferdinand Berthier: “What matters deafness of the ear, when the mind hears. The one true deafness, the incurable deafness, is that of the mind.”


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