It appears that in a massive, self-convulsion starting last May, the deaf community has realized that the I. King Jordan administration was a stepping-stone along the path to a true and full institutional recognition of the “deaf standpoint.” And the community wants a leader with a fully-developed deaf standpoint. A leader who is fully sympathetic to the deaf condition, and who all deaf people can relate to.

THE DEAF STANDPOINT? WHAT’S THAT?

Before I talk about the deaf standpoint, let me define “standpoint.”

Standpoint theory is a method for analyzing discourse between two subjective definitions of reality. Now, that was a mouthful. What it really means is that its a method for looking at how people have perspectives (standpoints) from which they view the world, and how those perspectives interact with others.

According to standpoint theory (Wikipedia):

* A standpoint is a place from which human beings view the world.
* A standpoint influences how the people adopting it socially construct the world.
* Social group membership affects people’s standpoints.
* The inequalities of different social groups create differences in their standpoints.
* All standpoints are partial; so (for example) standpoint feminism does not explain all sides of an issue. Instead, it coexists with other standpoints on a given issue.

ENOUGH WITH THEORY. DEAF STANDPOINT?

The deaf standpoint, according to standpoint theory, is a place from which deaf people view the world. This unique standpoint influences how deaf people socially construct their world. Deaf people see the world through this lens. And it is only theirs.

Since, by definition, being deaf is an inequality (inability to hear to some degree) it creates differences in our standpoint as compared to other standpoints. We have a unique standpoint from which we view the world, different from the black standpoint, the white standpoint, the hearing standpoint, the low-income standpoint.

And I need to emphasize that having a classic (fluent in ASL, etc) deaf standpoint is not solely about your degree of hearing loss. It has everything to do with your worldview — I’ve met many hearing people who have embraced the deaf standpoint and are virtually indistinguishable from a deaf person. It’s possible for non-deaf people to learn and work and obtain a deep understanding of the deaf standpoint. However, I must add that according to the theory they are still distinct and different from deaf people because they don’t experience life as a deaf person.

OK, SO HOW DOES THIS RELATE TO THE PROTEST?

Standpoint theory was originally derived from the Marxist idea that the socially oppressed class can access knowledge unavailable to the socially privileged. (colorado.edu) In other words, a given standpoint (for example, the deaf standpoint) has unique knowledge that is not available to the privileged (hearing) standpoint. This is an extremely important idea.

Right now, the protest can be viewed as the deaf standpoint finally getting its limelight. Getting its chance to truly be heard. A professor of mine at RIT remarked that the protest may be “standpoint theory brought to its conclusion.”

What does that mean? I think it means that our deaf standpoint — our unique deaf standpoint — is slowly gaining primacy.

Part one was I. King Jordan being chosen to lead Gallaudet University. Deaf people “Can Do It.” But that isn’t the whole story. Fast forward to today, and while we do have a deaf president, the community feels that the deaf standpoint is not pervasive throughout Gallaudet. The issue isn’t whether deaf people can be full and functioning citizens.

Isn’t the deaf standpoint supposed to have ultimate primacy at Gallaudet, when one takes into consideration that Gallaudet is supposed to be the “mecca of the deaf community”?

SO WHAT ABOUT JANE FERNANDES?

Another component of standpoint theory is that if you choose a person at random from a given population, they won’t necessarily have a complete standpoint from that population. Nor will that population accept that person as being truly their representative.

For instance, do Black people in general accept Dr. Condoleezza Rice as one of their own, and sharing their standpoint? If Condi Rice became president, would she advance the good of the black community? Would she fully understand their frustrations, heartaches, and joys? Food for thought — I don’t know either, because I am not black. I must cede the judgment and evaluation of Dr. Rice as a black leader to the black community, because only they will know.

From what I’ve seen, the deaf community feels conflicted about Dr. Jane Kelleher Fernandes. She has been accused of various things, such as “not being deaf enough,” “a bad leader,” and various unflattering things.

The real key here is: does the deaf community accept that she has a fully developed deaf standpoint, and will represent them wholeheartedly? It seems that many do not feel that she has a complete understanding of the knowledge of the oppressed (deaf) class or deaf culture. There have been numerous cited examples of audism from Jane Fernandes. Whether these examples are true or not, the real issue is how the community socially constructs the issues around the protest.

Many in the deaf community have strongly opposed Fernandes. The Board of Trustees and President Jordan have, as they would put it, heard these concerns but not agreed with them. Through the lens of Standpoint Theory, these subopinions are precious. They are stands taken by those who know and live the deaf life.

That leaves us with a few questions that I will leave you to think about. (1) Does Dr. Fernandes have a fully developed deaf standpoint? (2) Does she understand the various ways that deaf people feel oppressed? (3) Is she capable of communicating this standpoint and empathizing with the deaf community? (4) Is she ultimately a good deaf leader?

REFERENCES

Standpoint at Colorado.edu

Wikipedia - Standpoint Theory

Wikipedia - Intersubjectivity


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